Again a few questions from the history of wars, which have plagued humanity for so many hundreds of years. Unfortunately, many people still imagine, that it is the only way to settle international conflicts. There is also no question, that the wars left much more traces in ancient chronicles than the achievements of civilization, and we know more about them than e.g.. on the material culture of the past centuries. These questions are about famous battles by sea and land, which have been fought in the past. You have to give an answer, who won the battle against whom. Or maybe you can name the chiefs of the warring parties?
1. indefinitely
2. Action
3. Legnica
4. Obertyn
5. Lepanto
6. Kirchholm
7. Kluszyn
8. Trafalgar
9. Grochow
10. Orchard
Answers:
1. Sea battle with the Persians, fought at the urging of Themistocles by the Greeks near the islet of Salamis, near Athens, in year 480 p. n. e., ended with a victory for the Athenians. Themistocles himself commanded the Greek fleet. The Persian fleet was almost completely annihilated. In fear, so as not to be cut off, King Xerxes had to retreat to Asia.
2. Under Action in the year 31 p.n.e. Octavian was victorious over his old ally Antony. Antony fled to Egypt, where he and Cleopatra ended up killing himself. Octavian became the sole ruler of Rome, which in fact ultimately collapsed the former republic, although formally its institutions still remain.
3. The reign of the Tatars under Khan Temuchin (Czingis chana) w XIII c. it stretched from China to the Volga. Led by his grandson Temuczin, They talk to each other, they went on further conquests. It was not until Prince Henry the Pious near Legnica in Silesia in 1241 R. Although he failed and fell himself, he stopped the Tartar march.
4. Obertyn - a place of a great victory won 22 of August 1531 R. by Hetman Jan Tarnowski over the several times stronger army of the Moldavian hospodar Piotr. The Hetman used a method of defensive and offensive combat based on a cart and trenches. He managed to pull the Wallachian forces onto one wing, and attack the other. However, the victory was not used by the Poles.
5. Lepanto - a port at the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth, Where 7 October 1571 R. the combined Spanish-Venetian-papal fleet under the command of Don Juan d'Austria destroyed the Turkish fleet, commanded by Ochiali Pasha. The advantage of the Turks in the Mediterranean was broken. A great painting depicting the Battle of Lepanto can be seen in the Wawel collection.
6. The claims of Sigismund III Vasa and his successors to the Swedish crown threw Poland into a series of wars with Sweden. At the Battle of Kirchholm, located 13 km from Riga, Hetman Karol Chodkiewicz referred to 1605 R. a general victory over the Swedes led by Charles Sudermanski. Polish hussars distinguished themselves in this battle for the first time.
7. When Tsar Wasyl Szujski made an alliance with Charles IX of Sweden, Sigismund III, concerned about this alliance, declared war on him, raising claims to the Moscow throne. Smolensk was besieged. He defeated the Swedish-Muscovite army, which was aiming at his rescue, near Kłuszyn 4 July 1610 R. Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, thanks to the great attacks of Polish driving.
8. Trafalgar - a cape in southern Spain, on the Atlantic coast. In its vicinity, the English fleet under Nelson and Admiral Collingwood defeated in a year 1805 the Franco-Spanish fleet under the command of Villeneuve. This victory foiled Napoleon's expedition to the British Isles and gave England an advantage at sea in the 19th century..
9. Grochow, a village on the right bank of the Vistula (today a district of Warsaw), he commemorated himself with a great battle, fought here 25 February 1831 R. Polish troops under the command of Chłopicki and Radziwiłł with overwhelming Russian forces under gen. Dybicz. Bloody battle (the famous fight for Olszynka, during which Chłopicki was injured) remained pending.
10. Sadowa - a village in northern Bohemia, obok Hradec Kralovego (Koniggratz). 3 July 1866 R. Prussian troops led by William I fought here, the victorious and decisive battle of the Prussian-Austrian war with the Austro-Saxon army led by Gen.. Benedict. The lost war decided about the supremacy of Prussia in Germany to the detriment of the Habsburgs.
